James Packard of Packard Electric Company established the Ohio Auto Company in 1899 in Warren, Ohio. It was moved to Detroit in 1903, as most of its new investors were Detroiters. Packard made luxury cars until the 1950s, when postwar competition forced most independent carmakers to consolidate or go out of business. It merged with Studebaker in 1954, and the last Packard was manufactured in 1958.