Most early automobiles were open to the elements, without roof or windshield, like the 1911 Stevens-Duryea model pictured in this ad (top). Note the goggles on the cap of the man driving. Women could veil their faces in such open-air driving, but as the Pears Soap ad (bottom) from the same year indicates, the delicate complexions of refined ladies were thought to need extra protection from the wind.

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